Mafita

HAƊIN WAYA

TAKARDAR BAYANI TA TUSHEN ILIMI

Menene Haɗin Waya?

Haɗa waya ita ce hanyar da ake haɗa tsawon waya mai laushi ta ƙaramin diamita zuwa saman ƙarfe mai jituwa ba tare da amfani da solder, flux ba, kuma a wasu lokuta tare da amfani da zafi sama da digiri 150 na Celsius. Karafa masu laushi sun haɗa da Zinare (Au), Tagulla (Cu), Azurfa (Ag), Aluminum (Al) da ƙarfe kamar Palladium-Silver (PdAg) da sauransu.

Fahimtar Dabaru da Tsarin Haɗa Waya don Aikace-aikacen Haɗa Ƙananan Lantarki.
Dabaru/Tsarin Haɗawa da Azzakari: Ribbon, Thermosonic Ball & Ultrasonic Wedge Bond
Haɗin waya hanya ce ta yin haɗin kai tsakanin na'urar haɗakarwa (IC) ko makamancin na'urar semiconductor da fakitin sa ko kuma firam ɗin jagora yayin ƙera shi. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi yanzu don samar da haɗin lantarki a cikin haɗakar fakitin batirin Lithium-ion. Haɗin waya gabaɗaya ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafi inganci da sassauƙa daga cikin fasahar haɗa microelectronic da ake da su, kuma ana amfani da shi a yawancin fakitin semiconductor da ake samarwa a yau. Akwai dabarun haɗa waya da yawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da: Haɗin Wayar Matsewa ta Thermo-Compression:
Haɗa waya mai matsewa ta thermo-matsawa (wanda ke haɗuwa da saman da ake iya gani (yawanci Au) tare a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin matsewa tare da yanayin zafi mai yawa, yawanci ya fi 300°C, don samar da walda), an fara ƙirƙirar shi a cikin shekarun 1950 don haɗin microelectronics, duk da haka an maye gurbin wannan da sauri da haɗin Ultrasonic & Thermosonic a cikin shekarun 1960 a matsayin fasahar haɗin gwiwa mafi rinjaye. Har yanzu ana amfani da haɗin thermo-matsawa don aikace-aikacen musamman a yau, amma masana'antun gabaɗaya suna guje wa shi saboda yanayin zafi mai yawa (wanda galibi yana lalata) da ake buƙata don yin haɗin gwiwa mai nasara. Haɗin Wayar Ultrasonic Wedge:
A cikin shekarun 1960, haɗin waya na wedge na Ultrasonic ya zama babban hanyar haɗin kai. Amfani da girgiza mai yawa (ta hanyar transducer mai resonating) zuwa kayan haɗin tare da ƙarfin ɗaurewa a lokaci guda, ya ba da damar yin walda na Aluminum da Gold a zafin ɗaki. Wannan girgizar Ultrasonic tana taimakawa wajen cire gurɓatattun abubuwa (oxides, ƙazanta, da sauransu) daga saman haɗin a farkon zagayowar haɗin, da kuma haɓaka haɓakar ƙarfe don ƙara haɓaka da ƙarfafa haɗin. Mita na yau da kullun don haɗin shine 60 - 120 KHz. Fasahar wedge ta ultrasonic tana da manyan fasahohin tsari guda biyu: Babban haɗin waya (mai nauyi) don wayoyi masu diamita >100µm Kyakkyawan haɗin waya (ƙarami) don wayoyi masu diamita <75µm Misalan zagayowar haɗin Ultrasonic na yau da kullun Ana iya samun su anan don waya mai kyau da kuma anan ga babban waya. Haɗin waya na wedge na Ultrasonic yana amfani da takamaiman kayan haɗin gwiwa ko "wedge," wanda yawanci aka gina daga Tungsten Carbide (don waya ta Aluminum) ko Titanium Carbide (don waya ta Zinariya) dangane da buƙatun tsari da diamita na waya; Ana kuma samun madaurin yumbu masu tipped don aikace-aikace daban-daban. Haɗin Wayar Thermosonic:
Inda ake buƙatar ƙarin dumama (yawanci don wayar Zinare, tare da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa a cikin kewayon 100 - 250°C), ana kiran tsarin haɗin waya na Thermosonic. Wannan yana da fa'idodi masu yawa akan tsarin matsewar zafi na gargajiya, saboda ana buƙatar ƙarancin yanayin zafi na haɗin gwiwa (an ambaci haɗin gwiwa a zafin ɗaki amma a aikace ba shi da aminci ba tare da ƙarin zafi ba). Haɗin ƙwallon thermosonic:
Wani nau'in haɗin waya na Thermosonic shine Haɗin Ball (duba zagayowar haɗin ball a nan). Wannan hanyar tana amfani da kayan aikin haɗin capillary na yumbu akan ƙirar wedge na gargajiya don haɗa mafi kyawun halaye a cikin haɗin thermo-matsawa da ultrasonic ba tare da lahani ba. Girgizar thermosonic tana tabbatar da cewa zafin haɗin yana ƙasa, yayin da haɗin farko, haɗin ƙwallon da aka matsa da zafi yana ba da damar sanya waya da haɗin na biyu a kowane alkibla, ba daidai da haɗin farko ba, wanda shine ƙuntatawa a cikin haɗin waya na Ultrasonic. Don kera waya ta atomatik, mai girma, haɗin ball suna da sauri sosai fiye da haɗin Ultrasonic / Thermosonic (Wedge), suna sa ƙwallon Thermosonic ya haɗu da fasahar haɗin gwiwa mafi rinjaye a cikin microelectronics tsawon shekaru 50+ da suka gabata. Haɗin Ribbon:
Haɗin ribbon, ta amfani da tef ɗin ƙarfe mai faɗi, ya kasance mafi rinjaye a cikin na'urorin lantarki na RF da Microwave tsawon shekaru da yawa (ribbon yana ba da babban ci gaba a asarar sigina [tasirin fata] idan aka kwatanta da wayar zagaye ta gargajiya). Ƙananan ribbon na Zinare, yawanci har zuwa faɗin 75µm da kauri 25µm, ana haɗa su ta hanyar tsarin Thermosonic tare da babban kayan haɗin wedge mai faɗi mai faɗi. Hakanan ana iya haɗa ribbon na aluminum har zuwa faɗin 2,000µm da kauri 250µm tare da tsarin wedge na Ultrasonic, kamar yadda buƙatar haɗin haɗin ƙananan madauki da yawa ya ƙaru.

Menene waya mai ɗaure zinare?

Haɗin waya ta zinare shine tsarin da ake haɗa waya ta zinare zuwa maki biyu a cikin taro don samar da haɗin kai ko hanyar da ke amfani da wutar lantarki. Ana amfani da zafi, ultrasonics, da ƙarfi don samar da wuraren haɗewa don wayar zinare. Tsarin ƙirƙirar wurin haɗewa yana farawa da ƙirƙirar ƙwallon zinare a ƙarshen kayan aikin haɗin waya, wato capillary. Ana danna wannan ƙwallon a saman taro mai zafi yayin da ake amfani da adadin ƙarfi na musamman da mita na 60kHz - 152kHz na motsi na ultrasonic tare da kayan aikin. Da zarar an yi haɗin farko, za a sarrafa wayar ta hanyar da aka tsara sosai don samar da siffar madauki da ta dace don yanayin taron. Haɗin na biyu, wanda galibi ake kira ɗinki, ana ƙirƙirar sa a ɗayan saman ta hanyar dannawa da wayar da amfani da manne don yage wayar a haɗin.

Haɗa waya ta zinare yana ba da hanyar haɗi a cikin fakiti wanda ke da ƙarfin lantarki sosai, kusan girman girma ya fi na wasu solders. Bugu da ƙari, wayoyin zinare suna da juriyar iskar shaka idan aka kwatanta da sauran kayan waya kuma suna da laushi fiye da yawancinsu, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga saman da ke da laushi.
Tsarin kuma zai iya bambanta dangane da buƙatun haɗakar. Tare da kayan aiki masu laushi, ana iya sanya ƙwallon zinare a yankin haɗawa na biyu don ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi da haɗin gwiwa mai "santsi" don hana lalacewa ga saman ɓangaren. Tare da wurare masu tsauri, ana iya amfani da ƙwallon guda ɗaya a matsayin wurin farawa ga haɗin gwiwa biyu, suna samar da haɗin gwiwa mai siffar "V". Lokacin da haɗin waya ya buƙaci ya fi ƙarfi, ana iya sanya ƙwallon a saman ɗinki don ƙirƙirar haɗin tsaro, yana ƙara kwanciyar hankali da ƙarfin wayar. Aikace-aikace da bambance-bambancen da yawa na haɗin waya ba su da iyaka kuma ana iya cimma su ta hanyar amfani da software na atomatik akan tsarin haɗin waya na Palomar.